Ngemuva kweminyaka engaphezu kwemithathu yokubambezeleka, abacwaningi balungiselela ukwethula isilingo somtholampilo esiyingqopha-mlando okuhloswe ngaso ukuhlola ukusebenza kokubhema insangu yezokwelapha ekwelapheni i-post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) komakadebona. Uxhaso lwalolu cwaningo luvela emalini yentela evela ekuthengisweni kwensangu esemthethweni eMichigan.
I-Multidisciplinary Association for Psychedelic Drug Research (MAPS) imemezele kuleli sonto ukuthi i-US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) igunyaze ucwaningo lwesigaba sesibili, i-MAPS eluchaza esitatimendeni sabezindaba ngokuthi "ucwaningo olungahleliwe, olulawulwa yi-placebo lwamasosha angu-320 asebethathe umhlalaphansi ayesebenzise insangu futhi ehlushwa ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo okulinganiselwe kuya kokunzima kwangemva kokuhlukumezeka.
Inhlangano ithe lolu cwaningo "luhlose ukuphenya ukuqhathanisa phakathi kokuhogela okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-THC omisiwe I-Fried Dough Twists kanye nensangu ye-placebo, futhi umthamo wansuku zonke ulungiswa ngabahlanganyeli ngokwabo." Lolu cwaningo luhlose ukukhombisa izindlela zokusebenzisa ezenzeke ezweni lonke, kanye nokufunda "ukusetshenziswa kwangempela kokuhogela insangu, ukuqonda izinzuzo nezingozi ezingaba khona ekwelapheni ukuphazamiseka kwengcindezi yangemva kokuhlukumezeka."
I-MAPS iveze ukuthi iphrojekthi ibilungiselelwa iminyaka eminingi futhi yaveza ukuthi kunezinkinga eziningi okuhlangatshezwane nazo lapho kufakwa isicelo sokugunyazwa kocwaningo ku-FDA, ezisanda kuxazululwa. Le nhlangano ithe, “Ngemuva kweminyaka emithathu yezingxoxo ne-FDA, lesi sinqumo sivula umnyango wocwaningo oluzayo ngensangu njengendlela yokwelapha futhi iletha ithemba ezigidini zabantu.
Ukukhishwa kwabezindaba kwe-MAPS kuthi, "Uma kucutshungulwa ukusetshenziswa kwensangu ukwelapha isifo sokucindezeleka kwangemva kokuhlukumezeka, ubuhlungu, nezinye izimo zempilo ezibucayi, le datha ibalulekile ekwaziseni iziguli, abahlinzeki bezempilo, kanye nabathengi abadala, kodwa izithiyo ezilawulayo zenze ucwaningo oluphusile mayelana nokuphepha nokusebenza kahle kwemikhiqizo yensangu evame ukusetshenziswa ezimakethe ezilawulwayo enzima kakhulu noma engafinyeleleki.
I-MAPS ithe eminyakeni edlule, iphendule izincwadi ezinhlanu zokumiswa komtholampilo ezivela ku-FDA, ezithiye ukuqhubeka kocwaningo.
Ngokusho kwenhlangano, "Ngomhla zingama-23 ku-Agasti, 2024, i-MAPS iphendule incwadi yesihlanu ye-FDA ngokumiswa komtholampilo futhi yathumela isicelo esisemthethweni sokuxazulula izingxabano (i-FDRR) ukuze kuxazululwe umehluko oqhubekayo wesayensi nokulawula nomnyango ezindabeni ezine ezibalulekile": "1) umthamo ohlongozwayo we-THC wokuphathwa kwemikhiqizo ye-Fried Dough Twists, 2) ukuphathwa, kanye no-4) ukuqasha ababambiqhaza abangazange bazame ukwelashwa kwe-cannabis. "
Umcwaningi oyinhloko walolu cwaningo, udokotela wengqondo u-Sue Sisley, uthe lolu cwaningo luzosiza ekucaciseni ukufaneleka kwesayensi yokusebenzisa insangu yezokwelapha ukwelapha ukuphazamiseka kwengcindezi yangemva kokuhlukumezeka. Naphezu kokusetshenziswa okwandayo kwensangu yiziguli ze-post-traumatic stress disorder kanye nokufakwa kwayo ezinhlelweni eziningi ze-marijuana yezokwelapha, uthe okwamanje kukhona ukushoda kwedatha eqinile yokuhlola ukusebenza kahle kwale ndlela yokwelashwa.
USisley uthe esitatimendeni: "E-United States, izigidi zabantu baseMelika zilawula noma zelaphe izimpawu zabo ngokubhema ngokuqondile noma nge-electronic atomization yensangu yezokwelapha. Ngenxa yokuntuleka kwedatha yekhwalithi ephezulu ehlobene nokusetshenziswa kwe-cannabis, ulwazi oluningi olutholakala ezigulini nabalawuli luvela ekuvinjelweni, lugxile kuphela ezingozini ezingase zibe khona ngaphandle kokucabangela izinzuzo zokwelashwa ezingaba khona."
Emsebenzini wami, iziguli ezingomakadebona zabelane ngokuthi insangu yezokwelapha ingabasiza kanjani kangcono ukulawula izimpawu zokucindezeleka kwangemva kokuhlukumezeka kunezidakamizwa zendabuko, “uqhubekile.
USisley uthe isigaba sesibili socwaningo lomtholampilo “sizoveza imininingwane odokotela abanjengami abangayisebenzisa ukuze benze izinhlelo zokwelapha futhi basize iziguli zilawule izimpawu ze-post-traumatic stress disorder.
U-Allison Coker, inhloko yocwaningo lwe-cannabis kwa-MAPS, uthe i-FDA ikwazile ukufinyelela lesi sivumelwano ngoba i-ejensi ithe izovumela ukuqhubeka nokusetshenziswa kwensangu yezokwelapha etholakalayo ethengiswayo enokuqukethwe kwe-THC esigabeni sesibili. Kodwa-ke, insangu eyenziwe nge-elekthronikhi ihlala imisiwe kuze kube i-FDA ingahlola ukuphepha kwanoma iyiphi idivayisi ethile yokulethwa kwezidakamizwa.
Ukuphendula ukukhathazeka okuhlukene kwe-FDA mayelana nokuqasha ababambiqhaza abangakaze bachayeke ekwelapheni insangu ukuze babambe iqhaza ezifundweni zomtholampilo, i-MAPS ibuyekeze inqubo yayo yokucela ababambiqhaza ukuthi “babe nomuzwa wokuhogela (ukubhema noma ukufutha) insangu.
I-FDA iphinde yangabaza ukuklanywa kocwaningo oluvumela imithamo yokuzilungisa - okusho ukuthi ababambiqhaza bangadla insangu ngokwezifiso zabo, kodwa hhayi ngaphezu kwenani elithile, futhi i-MAPS yenqaba ukuyekethisa kuleli phuzu.
Umkhulumeli we-FDA utshele abezindaba zemboni ukuthi akakwazanga ukunikeza imininingwane enemininingwane eholele ekuvunyweni kwecala lesigaba sesibili, kodwa waveza ukuthi le nhlangano "iyasibona isidingo esiphuthumayo sezinye izindlela zokwelapha izifo ezingathi sína zengqondo ezifana nesifo sokucindezeleka sangemva kokuhlukumezeka.
Lolu cwaningo luxhaswe yiMichigan Veterans Cannabis Research Grants Programme, esebenzisa intela yensangu esemthethweni yezwe ukuze inikeze uxhaso lwezivivinyo zomtholampilo ezigunyazwe yi-FDA ezingenzi nzuzo ukuze "iphenye ukusebenza kwensangu yezokwelapha ekwelapheni izifo kanye nokuvikela umakadebona wokuzilimaza e-United States.
Izikhulu zikahulumeni wezwe zimemezele uxhaso lwezigidi ezingama- $ 13 zalolu cwaningo ngo-2021, okuyingxenye yesamba semali engu-$20 million yezibonelelo. Ngalowo nyaka, kwabelwa enye imali eyizigidi eziyisi-7 zamaRandi e-Wayne State University's Community Action and Economic Opportunity Bureau, eyasebenzisana nabacwaningi ukutadisha ukuthi insangu yezokwelapha ingaphatha kanjani izinkinga ezihlukahlukene zempilo yengqondo, okuhlanganisa ukuphazamiseka kokuxineka kwangemva kokuhlukumezeka, ukukhathazeka, ukuphazamiseka kokulala, ukudangala, nokuthambekela kokuzibulala.
Ngaso leso sikhathi, ngo-2022, iMichigan Cannabis Administration yahlongoza ukunikela ngamaRandi ayizigidi ezingama-20 ngalowo nyaka emanyuvesi amabili: i-University of Michigan kanye ne-Wayne State University. Owangaphambili uhlongozwa ukutadisha ukusetshenziswa kwe-CBD ekulawulweni kobuhlungu, kanti lesi sakamuva sathola uxhaso lwezifundo ezimbili ezizimele: enye "yayiyisivivinyo sokuqala esingahleliwe, esilawulwayo, esikhulu somtholampilo" okuhloswe ngaso ukuphenya ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwama-cannabinoids kungathuthukisa yini ukubikezelwa kwe-post-traumatic disorder veterans abathola ukwelashwa kwesikhathi eside (PE) ; Olunye ucwaningo umthelela wensangu yezokwelapha kusisekelo se-neurobiological of neuroinflammation kanye nemibono yokuzibulala komakadebona abane-post-traumatic stress disorder.
Umsunguli we-MAPS nomongameli u-Rick Doblin uthe ngesikhathi inhlangano imemezela isilingo somtholampilo esisanda kugunyazwa yi-FDA ukuthi omakadebona baseMelika “bakudinga ngokushesha ukwelashwa okungadambisa izimpawu zabo ze-post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
I-MAPS iyaziqhenya ngokuhola indlela yokuvula izindlela ezintsha zocwaningo futhi iphonsele inselelo ukucabanga kwendabuko kwe-FDA, "esho. Ucwaningo lwethu lwensangu yezokwelapha lubekela inselele izindlela ezijwayelekile ze-FDA zokuphatha izidakamizwa ngokohlelo nesikhathi. I-MAPS yenqaba ukubeka engcupheni imiklamo yocwaningo ukuze ivumelane nokucabanga okujwayelekile kwe-FDA, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ucwaningo lwensangu yezokwelapha lubonisa ukusetshenziswa kwayo kwangempela empilweni.
Ucwaningo oludlule lwe-MAPS aluzange lufake insangu kuphela, kodwa futhi, njengoba igama lenhlangano libonisa, izidakamizwa ze-psychedelic. I-MAPS idale inkampani ethuthukisa izidakamizwa, i-Lykos Therapeutics (ngaphambilini eyayaziwa ngokuthi i-MAPS Philanthropy), nayo yafaka isicelo ku-FDA ekuqaleni kwalo nyaka ukuze ithole imvume yokusebenzisa i-methamphetamine (MDMA) ukwelapha ukuphazamiseka kwengcindezi yangemva kokuhlukumezeka.
Kodwa ngo-Agasti, i-FDA yenqaba ukugunyaza i-MDMA njengokwelashwa kwe-adjuvant. Olunye ucwaningo olwanyatheliswa ku-Journal of Psychiatric Research lwathola ukuthi nakuba imiphumela yokuhlolwa komtholampilo “ikhuthaza,” ucwaningo olwengeziwe luyadingeka ngaphambi kokuba i-MDMA assisted therapy (MDMA-AT) ithathe indawo yezinhlobo zokwelapha ezitholakalayo njengamanje.
Ezinye izikhulu zezempilo ngemuva kwalokho zathi ngaphandle kwalokhu, lo mzamo usakhombisa inqubekelaphambili ezingeni likahulumeni wobumbano. ULeith J. States, Isikhulu Esiyinhloko Sezokwelapha eHhovisi Lomsizi KaNobhala Wezempilo e-United States, wathi, “Lokhu kubonisa ukuthi siya phambili, futhi senza izinto kancane kancane.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kule nyanga, ijaji elilalela icala le-US Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) lisichithile isicelo seVeterans Action Committee (VAC) sokubamba iqhaza ekulalelweni okuzayo kwesiphakamiso sokuhlukaniswa kabusha kwensangu yabaphathi bakwaBiden. I-VAC ithe lesi siphakamiso “siyinhlekisa yobulungiswa” njengoba singafaki amazwi abalulekile angase athintwe izinguquko zenqubomgomo.
Nakuba i-DEA yethule uhlu lofakazi bephothifoliyo ababambiqhaza oluhlanganisa wonke umuntu, i-VAC ithe “isehlulekile” ukufeza umsebenzi wayo wokuvumela ababambiqhaza ukuba bafakaze. Inhlangano yomakadebona ithe lokhu kungabonakala eqinisweni lokuthi iJaji uMulroney lihlehlisele inqubo yokuqulwa kwecala esemthethweni ekuqaleni kuka-2025 ngoba i-DEA inikeze imininingwane enganele mayelana nesikhundla sofakazi bayo abakhethiwe mayelana nokuhlukaniswa kabusha kwensangu noma kungani kufanele bathathwe njengababambe iqhaza.
Ngaso leso sikhathi, iCongress yaseMelika iphakamise umthethosivivinywa omusha weSenethi kule nyanga okuhloswe ngawo ukuqinisekisa inhlalakahle yamakadebona abachayeka kumakhemikhali angaba yingozi ngesikhathi seMpi Yomshoshaphansi, okuhlanganisa ama-hallucinogens anjenge-LSD, ama-nerve agents, kanye negesi yesinaphi. Lolu hlelo lokuhlola okuyimfihlo lwenziwa kusukela ngo-1948 kuya ku-1975 esikhungweni samasosha eMaryland, lubandakanya ososayensi bangaphambili bamaNazi abanikeza lezi zinto kumasosha aseMelika.
Muva nje, amasosha ase-US atshale izigidi zamadola ekwakheni uhlobo olusha lomuthi olunganikeza izinzuzo zempilo yengqondo eziqala ngokushesha njengezidakamizwa zendabuko ze-psychedelic, kodwa ngaphandle kokukhiqiza imiphumela ye-psychedelic.
Omakadebona babambe iqhaza eliphambili ekugunyazweni kwensangu yezokwelapha kanye nomnyakazo wamanje wokuguqula izidakamizwa ze-psychedelic ezingeni likahulumeni kanye nezwe. Isibonelo, ekuqaleni kwalo nyaka, i-Veterans Service Organisation (VSO) inxuse amalungu eCongress ukuthi enze ucwaningo ngokushesha mayelana nezinzuzo ezingaba khona zokwelashwa kwezidakamizwa ze-psychedelic kanye nensangu yezokwelapha.
Ngaphambi kwezicelo ezenziwe izinhlangano ezifana ne-American Iraq and Afghanistan Veterans Association, American Overseas War Veterans Association, American Disabled Veterans Association, kanye ne-Disabled Soldiers Project, ezinye izinhlangano zagxeka uMnyango Wezindaba Zomakadebona (VA) ngokuthi “unensa” ocwaningweni lwensangu yezokwelapha phakathi nokulalelwa kwenhlangano yaminyaka yonke ye-Veterans Service yangonyaka odlule.
Ngaphansi kobuholi bosopolitiki baseRiphabhulikhi, imizamo yokuguqula iphinde ihlanganise nomthethosivivinywa wezidakamizwa ze-psychedelic osekelwa yi-Republican Party kuCongress, ogxile ekufinyeleleni komakadebona, izinguquko ezingeni likahulumeni, kanye nochungechunge lokulalelwa ekwandiseni ukufinyelela kwezidakamizwa ze-psychedelic.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Wisconsin Republican Congressman Derrick Van Orden uthumele umthethosivivinywa we-congressional wezidakamizwa ze-psychedelic, obuyekezwa yikomidi.
U-Van Oden uphinde abe ngumhlongozi ngokubambisana wesilinganiso se-bipartisan okuhloswe ngaso ukuhlinzeka ngemali yoMnyango Wezokuvikela (i-DOD) ukuze wenze izivivinyo zomtholampilo mayelana namandla okwelapha emithi ethile ye-psychedelic yezisebenzi zezempi ezisebenzayo. Lolu shintsho lusayinwe lwaba ngumthetho nguMongameli uJoe Biden ngaphansi kwesichibiyelo soMthetho Wokugunyazwa Kwezokuvikela Kazwelonke wezi-2024 (i-NDAA).
NgoMashi walo nyaka, abaholi bekhongolose abaxhasa ngezimali baphinde bamemezela uhlelo lokusebenzisa imali oluhlanganisa izinhlinzeko zamaRandi ayizigidi eziyishumi ukuze kuthuthukiswe ucwaningo ngezidakamizwa ze-psychedelic.
NgoJanuwari walo nyaka, uMnyango Wezindaba Zomakadebona wakhipha isicelo esehlukile ucela ucwaningo olunzulu mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ezithinta ingqondo ukwelapha isifo sokucindezeleka kwangemva kokuhlukumezeka nokucindezeleka. Ngo-Okthoba odlule, umnyango wethula i-podcast entsha mayelana nekusasa lokunakekelwa kwezempilo komakadebona, isiqephu sokuqala salolu chungechunge sigxile emandleni okwelapha ezidakamizwa ze-psychedelic.
Ezingeni lombuso, umbusi waseMassachusetts usayine umthethosivivinywa ngo-Agasti ogxile komakadebona, okuhlanganisa nezinhlinzeko zokusungula iqembu elisebenzayo lezidakamizwa ze-psychedelic ukuze lifunde futhi lithumele izincomo ngezinzuzo zokwelapha ezingaba khona zezinto ezifana ne-psilocybin ne-MDMA.
Ngaleso sikhathi, eCalifornia, abenzi bomthetho bakuhoxisile ukucutshungulwa komthethosivivinywa we-bipartisan ngoJuni owawuzogunyaza iphrojekthi yokuhlola ukuhlinzeka ngokwelashwa kwe-psilocybin kumakadebona kanye nabake baba nezimo eziphuthumayo.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Nov-26-2024