Umkhankaso weminyaka emine waseFrance wokusungula uhlaka oluphelele, olulawulwayo lwensangu yezokwelapha ekugcineni uthele izithelo.
Emasontweni ambalwa edlule, izinkulungwane zeziguli ezabhalisa "ukuhlolwa komshayeli" we-cannabis yezokwelapha eFrance okwethulwa ngo-2021, zabhekana nethemba elidabukisayo lokuphazamiseka kokwelashwa njengoba zaziyalelwe uhulumeni ukuthi zifune ezinye izindlela zokwelapha. Manje, ngemva kokuvela ezinyangeni zeziyaluyalu zezombusazwe, uhulumeni waseFrance wenze i-pivot ebalulekile. Ngokwemibiko yakamuva, ithumele imibhalo emithathu ehlukene ku-European Union ukuze ivunywe, echaza uhlelo oluhlongozwayo lwe-cannabis yezokwelapha, okufanele ludlule "ngenqubo".
Iziphakamiso manje ezisesidlangalaleni zibonakala zikhombisa, okokuqala ngqa, ukuthi izimbali ze-cannabis zizotholakala ezigulini-kodwa kuphela ngemithamo "yokusetshenziswa okukodwa" futhi iphathwe ngamadivayisi athile.
1. Isifinyezo Somcimbi
NgoMashi 19, 2025, imibhalo emithathu yathunyelwa e-EU ukuze yamukelwe, ngayinye iveza izici ezithile zenqubo yokugunyazwa ngokusemthethweni kwe-cannabis yezokwelapha.
Eqinisweni, uhlaka ngalunye lokulawula lwaluqediwe esikhathini esithile esidlule, ngezinhlelo zokuqala zokuluthumela ku-EU ngoNhlangulana noma ngoJulayi odlule. Kodwa-ke, ukuwa kukahulumeni waseFrance kanye nezinxushunxushu zezombangazwe ezalandela kwabambezela kakhulu ukuphasiswa kwale mithetho, kanye nezinye izindlela eziningi zomthetho.
Ngokusho kwe-EU's Technical Regulations Information System (TRIS), isimemezelo sokuqala esithunyelwe yiFrance "sichaza uhlaka lohlelo lokulawula lwemithi esekelwe ku-cannabis." Imithetho emibili eyengeziwe, eyaziwa ngokuthi “i-Arrêtés,” yathunyelwa kanyekanye ukuze kucaciswe imininingwane yobuchwepheshe, izimo ezingokoqobo, kanye nezindinganiso eziphoqelelayo zalokho okungaba enye yezimakethe ezinkulu ze-cannabis yezokwelapha zaseYurophu.
UBenjamin Alexandre-Jeanroy, oyi-CEO kanye nomsunguli wenkampani ezinze eParis i-Augur Associates, utshele abezindaba: "Silinde ukugunyazwa kokugcina kwe-EU, okuzothi ngemuva kwalokho uhulumeni asayine izinqumo emhlanganweni wamasonto onke wongqongqoshe obungoLwesithathu esigodlweni sikamongameli.
2. Izimo Nemikhiqizo
Ngaphansi kohlaka olusha lwe-cannabis yezokwelapha, odokotela abaqeqeshiwe kuphela nabagunyaziwe abazovunyelwa ukuthi banikeze imikhiqizo ye-cannabis yezokwelapha. Uhlelo lokuqeqesha luzosungulwa ngokubonisana ne-French Health Authority (HAS).
I-cannabis yezokwelapha izohlala iyindlela yokugcina, njengasohlelweni lokuhlola. Iziguli kufanele zibonise ukuthi zonke ezinye izindlela zokwelapha ezijwayelekile azisebenzi noma azibekezeleleki.
Imiyalelo esemthethweni ye-cannabis yezokwelapha izokhawulelwa ekwelapheni izinhlungu ze-neuropathic, isithuthwane esingazweli emishanguzweni, izinhlungu ezihlobene ne-multiple sclerosis kanye nezinye iziyaluyalu zesistimu yezinzwa, ukunciphisa imiphumela engemihle yokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali, kanye nokunakekelwa kwe-palliative kwezimpawu eziqhubekayo nezingalawuleki.
Yize lezi zimo zihambisana eduze nemihlahlandlela ehlongoziwe ngaphambilini, ushintsho olubalulekile olungavula imakethe kumabhizinisi amaningi ukufakwa kwembali ye-cannabis.
Yize imbali isivunyelwe, iziguli zinqatshelwe ngokuphelele ukuthi ziyidle ngezindlela zendabuko. Esikhundleni salokho, kufanele ihogelwe kusetshenziswa imihwamuko yemifino eyomile eqinisekiswe yi-CE. Imbali yensangu yezokwelapha kufanele ihambisane namazinga e-European Pharmacopoeia's Monograph 3028 futhi yethulwe iphelele.
Eminye imikhiqizo eqediwe yemithi, okuhlanganisa ukwakheka komlomo nezilimi ezingaphansi, izotholakala ngezilinganiso ezintathu ezihlukene ze-THC-to-CBD: I-THC-ebusayo, elinganiselayo, kanye ne-CBD-ebusayo. Isigaba ngasinye sizohlinzeka ngezinhlobo eziyinhloko nezinketho zeziguli ezingakhetha kuzo.
"Ukuhlukaniswa kwemikhiqizo ye-cannabis yezokwelapha e-France kuyinzuzo ngempela embonini, njengoba kungekho mingcele ekuhlanganiseni noma ekugxilweni kwayo - kuphela imikhiqizo egcwele i-spectrum edingekayo. Isilinganiso se-THC/CBD ukuphela kwemininingwane eyisibopho okufanele ihanjiswe. Ukwengeza, ukunikeza imininingwane ngama-cannabinoids amancane nama-terpenes kuyakhuthazwa ukukhuthaza ukuncintisana, nakuba kungaphoqelekile," kuphawula ochwepheshe bembonini.
Enye intuthuko ebalulekile ukucaciswa kweFrench Health Authority ukuthi iziguli eziyi-1,600 njengamanje ezithola ukwelashwa ngaphansi kohlelo lokuhlola zizoqhubeka nokuthola imishanguzo ye-cannabis, okungenani kuze kube nguMashi 31, 2026, lapho kulindeleke ukuthi uhlaka lokulawulwa kwendawo yonke lusebenze ngokugcwele.
3. Eminye Imininingwane Ebalulekile
Ukunikezwa okubalulekile emithethweni emisha yokulawula ukusungulwa kohlaka lwe-“Temporary Use Authorization (ATU)”—inqubo yokugunyaza ngaphambi kwemakethe yemikhiqizo emisha.
Njengoba kubikiwe ngaphambilini, i-French National Agency for the Safety of Medicines and Health Products (ANSM) izokwengamela le nqubo, ezoqinisekisa imikhiqizo ye-cannabis yezokwelapha iminyaka emihlanu, evuselelwa izinyanga eziyisishiyagalolunye ngaphambi kokuphelelwa yisikhathi. I-ANSM izoba nezinsuku ezingu-210 zokuphendula izicelo futhi izoshicilela zonke izinqumo—ukugunyazwa, ukwenqatshwa, noma ukumiswa—kuwebhusayithi yayo esemthethweni.
Abafakizicelo kumele banikeze ubufakazi bokuthi imikhiqizo yabo ihlangabezana nezindinganiso ze-EU Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP). Ngemva kokugunyazwa, kufanele bathumele Imibiko Yokubuyekeza Ukuphepha Kwezikhathi Njalo ngemva kwezinyanga eziyisithupha eminyakeni emibili yokuqala, bese kuba njalo ngonyaka eminyakeni emithathu esele.
Okubalulekile ukuthi, odokotela abaqeqeshwe ngokukhethekile kuphela nabagunyaziwe abazogunyazwa ukuthi banikeze insangu yezokwelapha, nezinhlelo zokuqeqesha ezizomenyezelwa ngokubonisana ne-French Health Authority (HAS).
Umthetho wokuqala uphinda ucubungule izidingo zesegimenti ngayinye ye-supply chain. Ngaphandle kwemithetho eqinile yezokuphepha manje esejwayelekile cishe kuzo zonke izimakethe ze-cannabis yezokwelapha, ibeka ukuthi noma yimuphi umlimi wasekhaya kufanele atshale izitshalo ngaphakathi endlini noma ezindlini zokugcina izithombo ezivikelwe emphakathini.
Ngokuphawulekayo, abalimi kufanele bangene ezinkontilekeni ezibophayo nezinhlangano ezigunyaziwe ngaphambi kokutshala insangu, futhi inhloso yokulima kufanele kube ukudayisela lezi zinhlangano ezigunyaziwe.
4. Amathemba Namathuba
Ekuqaleni kukaJanuwari 2025, ukunwetshwa kohlelo lokuhlola insangu yezokwelapha emakethe egcwele kwabonakala kuyithuba elikude ezigulini nakumabhizinisi.
Lo mbono uphikelele kwaze kwaba yizindaba zangesonto eledlule zokuthi i-EU isitholile isicelo seFrance sokugunyazwa kweziphakamiso zayo. Ngakho-ke, amabhizinisi e-cannabis yezokwelapha abe nesikhathi esincane sokugaya leli thuba elikhulu, kodwa uma kubhekwa izinga lemakethe elingase libe khona, lokhu kungenzeka kushintshe maduze.
Njengamanje, yize imininingwane ingadalulwanga, izinkampani ze-cannabis zezokwelapha zisayine inhloso yazo yokubamba leli thuba ngokwethula imikhiqizo emisha eklanyelwe imakethe yaseFrance. Abangaphakathi embonini babikezela ukuthi imakethe ye-cannabis yezokwelapha yaseFrance izokhula kancane kakhulu kuneyangomakhelwane baseJalimane, neziguli ezilinganiselwa ku-10,000 ngonyaka wokuqala, kancane kancane zikhula zibe phakathi kuka-300,000 no-500,000 ngo-2035.
Ezinkampanini zakwamanye amazwe ezibheke le makethe, "inzuzo" ebalulekile yohlaka lokulawula lwaseFrance ukuthi i-cannabis "iwela ngaphansi kohlaka olubanzi lwemithi." Lokhu kusho ukuthi amafemu akwamanye amazwe angagwema imikhawulo engafanele efana naleyo ebonwa e-UK, lapho amalayisense okungenisa engase akhishwe ngaphandle kwezizathu ezicacile. Ukugxambukela okunjalo kwezepolitiki mancane amathuba okuba e-France, njengoba amalayisense okukhulunywa ngawo awaqondile ku-cannabis yezokwelapha.
Ngokombono wezomnotho, abanye abadlali sebevele benze ubudlelwano nezinkampani zaseFrance eziphethe amalayisense adingekayo okukhiqiza nokucubungula insangu yezokwelapha.
Sesikushilo lokho, ithuba elisheshayo lilele kakhulu ekuthumeleni imikhiqizo eqediwe iye e-France ukuze ifakwe endaweni kanye nokulawulwa kwekhwalithi esikhundleni sokukhiqizwa kwasendaweni okuphelele noma ukucutshungulwa.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Apr-01-2025