I-Time Flies: Umthetho WaseJalimane Wokuguqulwa KweCannabis (CanG) Ugubha unyaka Wawo Wokuqala
Kuleli sonto kugujwa unyaka owodwa womthetho waseJalimane wokuguqula insangu, i-CanG. Kusukela ngo-Ephreli 1, 2024, iJalimane itshale amakhulu ezigidi zama-euro emkhakheni we-cannabis wezokwelapha, yagwema amakhulu ezinkulungwane zokushushiswa ngobugebengu, futhi yanikeza izigidi zezakhamizi ilungelo lokusebenzisa insangu ngokomthetho okokuqala ngqa. Nokho, uguquko lusenezingxabano futhi lunepolitiki enkulu. Njengoba i-Christian Democratic Union/Christian Social Union (CDU/CSU) ephikisana ne-cannabis Social Democratic Party (SPD) iqhubeka nezingxoxo zokwakha uhulumeni womfelandawonye, ikusasa lemboni yensangu yaseJalimane alikacaci. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi umfelandawonye omusha uyazama yini ukuqeda i-CanG, umthetho usuvele ube nomthelela waphakade emnothweni nasemphakathini waseJalimane. Ngemva konyaka, kubonakala sengathi i-genie izoba nzima ukuyibuyisela ebhodleleni.
Umthelela Womthetho WeCannabis eJalimane
Umthetho we-《Cannabis Control Act (CanG)》, oqale ukusebenza ngo-Ephreli 1, 2024, uvumela abantu abadala ukuthi baphathe ngokusemthethweni, badle, futhi balime izitshalo zensangu ezifika kwezintathu ekhaya. Eminye imithetho esetshenziswa ngoJulayi 1, 2024, yavumela ukusungulwa kwezinhlangano ezingenzi nzuzo, ezivumela amalungu ukuthi akhule futhi asabalalise insangu ukuze isetshenziswe abantu abadala. Yize iJalimane kungelona izwe lokuqala laseYurophu ukwenza ngokusemthethweni insangu yokuzijabulisa ezweni lonke, ukushintsha kwenqubomgomo yayo akungabazeki ukuthi kungenye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu ezwenikazi.
Esinye sezici zomthetho ezinomthelela omkhulu—ikakhulukazi ngokombono wezomnotho—kwakuwukususwa kwensangu ohlwini lwezidakamizwa ezidakayo, okukhuthaze ukudlondlobala embonini yensangu yezokwelapha yaseJalimane. Ngokusho kwe-《German Cannabis Industry Association (BvCW)》, umthetho uqhubekisele phambili ukukhula ezindaweni ezintathu ezibalulekile.
Insangu Yezokwelapha
Uhlelo lwaseJalimane lwensangu yezokwelapha seluqhamuke njengomnqobi omkhulu ngaphansi kweCanG entsha. Izilinganiso ziphakamisa ukuthi ngo-2024, imboni yaheha ama-euro ayizigidi ezingu-300 ekutshalweni kwezimali, cishe ngama-euro ayizigidi ezingu-240 aqondiswe emakethe yezokwelapha echumayo. Inhlangano iphinde ibikezele ukuthi imali engenayo yomkhakha ingafinyelela ku-€ 1 billion ngo-2025.
Nakuba lokhu kuye kwazuzisa amabhizinisi ngokucacile, i-《Federal Association of Pharmaceutical Cannabinoid Companies (BPC)》 ithi futhi ithuthukise ukunakekelwa kwesiguli.
"Ukutshalwa kwezimali okubalulekile embonini ye-cannabis yezokwelapha kugqamisa ukubaluleka kwayo okukhulayo ekunakekelweni kwezempilo okusimeme eJalimane. Le ntuthuko eqinile ibe negalelo elikhulu ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi iziguli zithola ukwelashwa okusekelwe ku-cannabinoid okusezingeni eliphezulu, okuqinisekisiwe," kusho u-Antonia Menzel, uSihlalo we-BPC.
Idatha yakamuva esemthethweni yokungenisa ikhombisa lokhu kunwetshwa kwemakethe okusheshayo, okungazuzisi imitholampilo yensangu yasekhaya kuphela kodwa nabahlinzeki bamazwe ngamazwe. Ngokwe-《German Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (BfArM)》, iJalimane yangenisa amathani angaphezu kuka-70 metric ezimbali zomisiwe zensangu ngezinjongo zezokwelapha nezesayensi ngo-2024—okuphindwe kabili kwamathani angama-32 angeniswe ngonyaka odlule.
Ngekota yesine ka-2024 kuphela, iJalimane yangenisa ama-31,691 kg ezimbali ezomisiwe zensangu, okuwukunyuka kwama-53% ukusuka ku-20,654 kg yekota edlule. Uma kuqhathaniswa nekota yesine ka-2023 (ngaphambi kokuthi i-CanG iqale ukusebenza), ukungenisa kwempahla kukhuphuke ngama-272%.
Idatha ezimele evela ezinkampanini ze-cannabis ibuye isekele lo mkhuba. Ngasekuqaleni konyaka, i-《Bloomwell Group》, enye yabasebenzi abakhulu be-cannabis yezokwelapha eJalimane, ibike ukwenyuka okungu-**1,000%** kwemiyalelo etholwe amakhemisi ensangu kusukela ngoMashi kuya kuDisemba 2024 kulandela izinguquko ezingokomthetho.
Izinhlangano Zokulima Nokulima Kwasekhaya
Ngokwemininingwane yokuqala evela ku-European Cannabis Report ezayo ka-Prohibition Partners: I-10th Edition, kusukela ngo-March 2025, izicelo ezingaphezu kuka-500 zezinhlangano zokutshala insangu zithunyelwe kulo lonke elaseJalimane, futhi cishe zingu-190 ezivunyelwe. Lezi zinhlangano zivumela amalungu amadala ukuthi athole insangu ngokusemthethweni ngobulungu bawo.
Izifundazwe ezinamalayisense amaningi akhishiwe yiNorth Rhine-Westphalia, Lower Saxony, neRhineland-Palatinate, ezihlanganisa cishe amaphesenti angama-60 azo zonke izimvume ezinikezwe eJalimane.
Ukwengeza, i-BvCW iphawula "intuthuko" ekulinyweni kwasekhaya, ukushayela ukuthengiswa kwembewu, umanyolo, izibani zokutshala, nezinye izinto zokusebenza.
"Le mikhiqizo idayiswe kungakapheli amasonto noma izinyanga. Ocwaningweni lwabamele, u-11% wabahlanganyeli bazwakalise intshisekelo yokutshala insangu ekhaya. Lo mthetho omusha udale amathuba emisebenzi futhi ukhuphule umnotho."
Ukunciphisa Ubugebengu
Ukuphikisana okubalulekile okwenziwe umfelandawonye wamarobhothi (SPD, Greens, FDP) ekuqhubekiseni i-CanG ukuthi izonciphisa ubugebengu, inqande izimakethe ezimnyama, futhi ivumele abomthetho ukuthi bagxile emacaleni abucayi kakhulu.
Enye yempumelelo enkulu yalo mthetho kube nomthelela wawo ohlelweni lwezobulungiswa kwezobugebengu. Ukwenziwa ngokusemthethweni kwenze iziphathimandla zaseJalimane zakwazi ukuqondisa kabusha izinsiza ekulweni nobugebengu obunzima. Ngokusho kwe-Der Spiegel, cishe ku-100,000 ukushushiswa kobugebengu okugwenyiwe kusukela ekugunyazweni okuyingxenye.
Le ncwadi yaphawula: “EBavaria—isifunda esigxeka kakhulu insangu—amacala ahlobene nensangu ehle ngo-56% aya ku-15,270 ngo-2024. ENyakatho Rhine-Westphalia, ubugebengu obunjalo behle ngaphezu kwengxenye (53%) uma kuqhathaniswa nonyaka odlule.”
Ezinye izibalo zamaphoyisa kanye nobugebengu ezitholwe yi-Der Spiegel zibonisa ukuthi amacala ahlobene nezidakamizwa eJalimane ehle cishe ngengxenye yesithathu ngo-2024, kanti izinga lobugebengu likazwelonke lehle ngo-1.7%.
“Abukho ubufakazi bokuthi umthetho uholele 'ekubhebhethekeni kobugebengu bezidakamizwa' noma ezinye izinhlekelele, njengoba kusho abanye embuthanweni we-CDU/CSU," kusho umbiko.
Ukuhlaziywa kwangaphambilini kwe-Düsseldorf Heinrich Heine University Institute for Competition Economics kulinganisela ukuthi ukugunyazwa ngokusemthethweni kwensangu esetshenziswa abantu abadala kungasindisa amaphoyisa aseJalimane nezinhlelo zokwahlulela kuze kufike ku-€ 1.3 billion ngonyaka.
Nokho, uMnyango Wezangaphakathi ukuchithile lokhu kuhlola, uthi “abukho ubufakazi bokuthi ukuba semthethweni ngokwengxenye kucindezele imakethe engekho emthethweni noma kunciphise isidingo.”
Lesi simo sibonakala sisekelwe eqinisweni lokuthi ubugebengu bezidakamizwa behle ngo-33%—ikakhulukazi “amacala omthengi”—manje njengoba ukusetshenziswa kwawo sekusemthethweni. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, iziphathimandla zaqopha umlando wokwephulwa komthetho omusha okungaba yinkulungwane, okuhlobene kakhulu nokushushumbiswa kwabantu, ukushushumbiswa kanye nokutholakala nenani elingekho emthethweni.
Ezinye izikhulu zomthetho zithi umthetho udinga ukubuyekezwa okuphuthumayo. U-Alexander Poetz, iPhini likaSihlalo weNyunyana Yamaphoyisa YaseJalimane (GdP), ucele uhulumeni wobumbano wesikhathi esizayo ukuthi uchibiyele umthetho ngokushesha.
"Inqobo nje uma umthetho ungashintshiwe, imakethe emnyama izoqhubeka, futhi ukuvikelwa kwentsha nokuphepha emgwaqeni akunakuqinisekiswa. Ubugebengu obuhleliwe buxhaphaza izintuba zomthetho. Ukwenziwa ngokusemthethweni okuyingxenye akubanciphisanga kakhulu umsebenzi wamaphoyisa. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukutshalwa kwezimali okukhulu kuyadingeka emishini yokuhlonza esezingeni eliphezulu," kusho uPoetz.
Umbono Womphakathi
Ucwaningo lwakamuva olwenziwe yinkampani yezimbewu emhlabeni jikelele iRoyal Queen Seeds luthole ukuthi u-51% wabazali baseJalimane bakholelwa ukuthi insangu etshalwa ekhaya iphephile kunensangu ethengwa emgwaqweni (uma iqhathaniswa nama-57% emhlabeni jikelele).
Phakathi kwabantu abadala baseJalimane abahloliwe, ama-40% asekela izinguquko, kanti abadala abangu-65+ nabathathe umhlalaphansi basalokhu bengabaza kakhulu, kuyilapho abangaphansi kweminyaka engama-40 bengase balusekele. Cishe ama-50% akholelwa ukuthi imithethonqubo emisha izothuthukisa ukuqwashisa umphakathi nge-cannabis.
Ngaleso sikhathi, ama-41% abathengi bensangu baseJalimane bahlela ukuzikhulisela ezabo ngo-2025, kanti ama-77% abalimi basekhaya bakwazisa ukulinywa komuntu siqu kanye nama-75% abheka insangu yokuzikhulela njengephephile.
Inhlolovo ehlukile ye-YouGov yabahlanganyeli abangu-2,000+ iveze ukuthi ama-45% amaJalimane azoxoxa nge-cannabis yezokwelapha nodokotela. Yize bangu-7% kuphela abenze lokho, abanye abangama-38% bathi bangakwenza uma kunesidingo ngokwezempilo.
Ezimweni eziningi, iziguli ziqala lezi zingxoxo—hhayi odokotela. Bangu-2% kuphela abantu abadala abaneminyaka engama-45-54 kanye no-1.2% kulabo abaneminyaka engu-55+ ababike odokotela babo bephakamisa ukwelashwa kwe-cannabis. Izibalo zabantu abasebasha zibone amanani aphezulu kancane: u-5.8% wabaneminyaka engu-25-34 kanye no-5.3% wabaneminyaka engu-35-44 ubudala babe nodokotela abaphakamisa isihloko.
Naphezu kokwamukelwa okukhulayo, ukucwaswa kuseyisithiyo. Cishe i-6% yabaphendulile ithe iyakugwema ukuxoxa nge-cannabis nodokotela ngenxa yokwesaba ukwahlulelwa. Kodwa-ke, izizukulwane ezincane zikhuthele kakhulu: i-49% yabaneminyaka engaphansi kwengama-34 ithe bazoxhumana nodokotela wabo ngokushesha mayelana nensangu yezokwelapha uma kudingeka.
Isiphetho
Ngemuva konyaka, ukwenziwa ngokusemthethweni kwe-cannabis eJalimane kubonakale kuphumelele ngezindlela eziningi. Nakuba ukuqaliswa okuphelele kubhekane nezithiyo—okuhlanganisa ukubambezeleka kokuhlolwa kwesifunda kwezindawo zokudayisa ezisetshenziswa abantu abadala—kubikwa ukuthi i-Federal Federal Office for Agriculture and Food isiqalile ukwamukela izicelo, okusho ukuthi amaphrojekthi okulinga osekukudala alindelwe angase aqale maduzane.
Sekukonke, i-CanG ikhulise umnotho, yehlisa ukushushiswa okungadingekile, futhi yashintsha izimo zengqondo zomphakathi. Ukuthi uhulumeni olandelayo uyawushintsha noma awugcine umthetho, umthelela wawo usuvele ungenakuphikwa.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Apr-09-2025